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mUik ez;gh;fNs!

vq;fs; tho;f;if mJ epiyFiye;J - mJ Fg;igNkl;by; J}f;fp vwpag;gl;L fplf;fpwJ ,d;W. jpl;lkpl;L xU r%fk; vy;yh epiyfspYk; xJf;fg;gl;L J}f;fp vwpag;gLk; NghJ mJ vOe;J te;J tsh;e;J epw;f tha;g;gpy;iy.

,j;jid nfhLikfSf;Fk; kj;jpapy; ele;J Kbe;j Nghd xU rk;gtj;ij - jtiw ehd; ,q;F Nfhbl;L fhl;l tpUk;GfpNwd;. 1855-y; nts;isah; Ml;rp ,e;jpahtpy; eilg;ngw;w NghJ nrd;r]; vLf;fg;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ nrd;r]; vLj;j mjpfhhpfspd; jtwhy; Nfhbf;fzf;fhd jho;j;jg;gl;l - jPz;lg;glhj kf;fis [hjp ,e;Jf;fspd; gl;baYld; Nrh;j;Nj fzf;nfLj;jdh;. ,J xU kpfg;ngUk; jpl;lkpl;l rjpAk; jtWkhFk; vd;W ehd; ,q;F $wpl tpUk;GfpNwd;. kdpjh;fis th;zq;fshf gphpj;J mjpy; xU ngUk;gFjp kf;fis ,td; gQ;rkd; - rz;lhsd; Ntjj;ij Xjf;$lhJ> kPwp Xjpdhy; ehf;F Jz;lhf;fg;gLk;. Ntjj;ij Nfl;ff;$lhJ> kPwp Nfl;lhy; fhjpy; <aj;ij fha;r;rp tplg;gLk;. ,g;gb ,opthfTk; mbikahfTk; elj;jg;gl;L te;j ,e;Jf;fs; kdrhl;rpf;F tpNuhjkhf ntl;fkpd;wp nts;isaDf;F Jizepd;W vjphpf;F jd; gyj;ij fhl;Ltjw;F Ntz;Lkhdhy; mhp[dq;fis ,e;Jf;fNshL Nrh;j;J vz;zpf;ifia $l;b nghpJgLj;jpf; fhl;l cq;fs; cghaq;fs; cjtpapUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; cz;ikapy; ,e;Jf;fs;> mhp[dq;fis ,e;Jf;fshf - rNfhjuh;fshf Vd; kdpjh;fshf kjpj;J elj;jpdhh;fsh? elj;jp tUfpwhh;fsh? jaT nra;J vz;zpg;ghUq;fs;.

,e;j Ntw;Wikfs; mbik tho;T xJf;fg;gl;l mhp[d kf;fspilNa xU tpopg;Gzh;r;rpia cz;L gz;zTk; mk;kf;fis xd;W glTk;> rpe;jpf;fTk; J}z;baJ. ,jd; ntspr;rj;jpy;jhd; 1931-y; yz;ldpy; eilngw;w tl;lNkir khehl;bw;F ,e;jpag;gpujpepjpfs; miof;fg;gl;bUe;jdh;.

rhjp ,e;Jf;fspd; gpujpepjpahf fhe;jp[pAk; xJf;fg;gl;l jPz;lg;glhj mhp[d kf;fspd; gpujpepjpahf lhf;lh; mk;Ngj;fh; jiyikapy; xU FOTk; K];yPk; kf;fspd; gpujpepjpahf [dhg; [pd;dh rh`pGk; miof;fg;gl;L fye;J nfhz;ldh;. khehl;by; [dhg; [pd;dh rh`pg; ,e;jpahtpy; ,e;Jf;fs; K];yPk; kf;fSf;F nra;J tUk; gy;NtW nfhLikfis tpsf;fp 14 mk;r Nfhhpf;ifia Kd;itj;J thjhbdhh;. lhf;lh; mk;Ngj;fh;: Ntjfhyk; njhl;L ,e;Jf;fs; vq;fisj; jPz;lj;jfhjth;fshf elj;Jtjpd; %yk; fiy> fyhr;rhuk;> nghUshjhuk; kw;Wk; gy;NtW Jiwfspy; gpd;dile;J VJk; mwpahj kf;fshfNt ehq;fs; ,Uf;fpNwhk;. vdNt> tpLjiy ngw;w ,e;jpahtpy; [hjp ,e;Jf;fs; vq;fis kdpjh;fshf kjpj;J elj;Jthh;fsh? vd;w mr;rk; vq;fSf;F gykhf cz;L. ,e;j th;zhrpuk jh;k nfhs;iffis filgpbj;J tUk; ,e;Jf;fNshL xj;J tho KbahJ: tho mDkjpf;f khl;lhh;fs;. MfNt> ehd; ,q;F typAWj;JtJ tFg;G thhp gpujpepjpj;Jtk; mhp[dq;fSf;F jdp khepy me;j];J vq;fis ehq;fNs Njh;e;njLf;Fk; Kiwapy; Njh;T Kiwfs; mikaTk; mjd; mbg;gilapy;jhd; vq;fs; gpur;rpidfis mZf Ntz;Lnkd;whh;. fhe;jp[pNah rdhjdp ,e;Jf;fSf;fhf Ntz;b thjhbdhh;.

fhe;jp[pf;Fk;> mk;Ngj;fUf;Fk; ,g;gpur;rpidapy; fUj;J Kuz;ghL Vw;gl;lJ. tl;l Nki[ khehL ntw;wp ngwhky; jiyth;fs; ehL jpUk;gpdh;. lhf;lh; mk;Ngj;fh; md;W mlf;fp xLf;fg;gl;l mhp[d kf;fspd; nry;thf;Fkpf;f jiytuhf tpsq;fpdhh;. mtUila Ngr;Rk; vOj;Jk; fhyfhykhf Vkhw;wg;gl;L tQ;rpf;fg;gl;L xLf;fg;gl;L te;j kf;fspilNa xU Gjpa cj;Ntfj;ij cz;L gz;zp ek;gpf;if Cl;bapUe;jJ. mjd; vjpnuhypahf ehnlq;Fk; mk;kf;fis xd;WgLj;jpaJ - Nghuhl mzp jpul;baJ. vq;Fk; Fog;gkhd epiy! ehl;bd; epiyikfSk; tl;lNki[ khehl;bd; Njhy;tpAk; fhe;jp[pia epiy Fiyar; nra;Jtpl;lJ.

,e;jpah-ghfp];jhd; gphptpid Vw;gl;L mijj; njhlh;e;J NkYk; gpsTfs; Vw;gl;lhy; ehL rpjWz;L NghFk; vd;w mghaj;ij czh;e;jpUe;j fhe;jp[p mhp[d kf;fspd; czh;Tfis jLj;J epWj;jTk;> me;j kf;fis rkhjhdg;gLj;jTk; tpUk;gpdhh;;. mjw;F lhf;lh; mk;Ngj;fhpd; nfhs;iffisAk; eilKiwfisAk; gytPdg;gLj;jTk; mtuJ jiyikia Klkhf;fTk; mjd; %yNk tpLjiy ngw;w ,e;jpahtpy; mth; fhynky;yhk; fdT fz;l rhk;uh[;aj;ijf; fhzTk; ,e;J rdhjd nfhs;ifia epiyehl;lTk; KbAk; vd;W czh;e;jpUe;j fhe;jp[p jPz;lhik xopg;G vd;w thh;j;ijfis kpfTk; kypthfNt tpsk;gug;gLj;jpdhh;. ehL kpfg;ngUk; neUf;fbia vjph;Nehf;fpapUe;jJ.

Rje;jpu Nghuhl;lj;jpd; kj;jpapy; tlgFjpapy; ,e;J K];yPk; fytuk; [hjpf; fytuq;fs; tpLjiy ,af;fj;jpw;F ngUk; CW tpistpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jd.

,e;j fhyfl;lj;jpy; jhd; gphpl;B\; gpujk ke;jphp tFg;Gthhp gpujpepjpj;Jt chpikia mspf;f tif nra;J cj;juT gpwg;gpj;jhh;. ,e;jr; rl;lk; jPz;lg;glhj kf;fSf;F jdpj; njhFjpia mspj;jJ. fhe;jp[pNah Ntjidg;gl;lhh;. ,e;Jf;fis gphpj;J gpsTg;gLj;jp xd;Wgl;l rf;jpia gytPdg;gLj;jp tpl;lhh;fNs vd;W kdk; FKwpdhh;. gphpl;B\; murpd; ,e;j Kbit vjph;j;Jg; Nghuhlj; njhlq;fpdhh;.

jdpj;njhFjpia vd; capiuf; nfhLj;J vjph;g;Ngd; vd;W tl;lNki[ khehl;by; jhd; $wpa fUj;Jfis epidT gLj;jp gphpl;b\; gpujkUf;F fhe;jp[p fbjk; vOjpdhh;. mwpf;if tpl;lhh;. ,Ue;Jk; gpupl;b\; muR 1932 Mf];l; khjk; Kjy; rl;lj;jpy; Nrh;e;jpUg;gjhf mwptpj;jJ. gphpl;b\; muR ,t;Tj;juT rl;lj;ij uj;jhf;fhtpl;lhy; ehd; rhFk; tiu cz;zhtpujk; ,Uf;f KbT nra;jpUg;gjhf gphpl;b\; gpujkUf;F fhe;jp[p njhptpj;jhh;. Mdhy; cz;zhtpujk; jtph;f;fg;gltpy;iy. md;W nrt;tha;fpoik cz;zhtpujk; ,Uf;fg;Nghtjhf gphpl;b\; gpujkUf;F kPz;Lk; je;jp nfhLj;jhh;.

fhe;jp[p cz;zhtpujk; njhlq;fpdhh;. fhe;jp[papd; ,e;j jpBh; cz;zhtpujj;jhy; NeU[p fUj;J NtWghL nfhz;lhh;. fhe;jp[papd;; cz;zhtpujk; Njrpa tpLjiy ,af;fj;ij mjd; Nehf;fj;ij kf;fis vq;Nf jpir jpUg;gp tpLNkh vd;W mQ;rpdhh; NeU[p. fhe;jp[papd; cz;zhtpujk; Njrpa ,e;J jiyth;fis cRg;gptpl;lJ. ,e;j jiyth;fs; gk;ghapy; xd;W $bdhh;fs;. kjd; Nkhfd; khstpah> Nj[; gfJ}h; rg;U> vk;.Mh;. n[a;fh;> uh[Nfhghyr;rhhp> vd;. [p. nry;fh;> ,uhN[e;jpu gpurhj;> %Q;Nr KjyhNdhh; ,e;j $l;lj;jpy; fye;J nfhz;ldh;.

cz;zhtpujk; gy ehl;fs; ePz;L ghG[p mgha fl;lj;ij neUq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;. kPz;Lk; ,e;j ,e;J jiyth;fs; xd;W $bdhh;fs;. Vh;-thlh rpiwapy; cz;zhtpujj;jhy; mgha fl;lj;ij neUq;fp nfhz;bUe;j fhe;jp[paplk; ghG[p ePq;fs; cz;zhtpujj;ij cldbahf epWj;j Ntz;Lk;> elf;f Ntz;ba fhhpaj;ij ehq;fs; ghh;j;Jf;nfhs;fpNwhk; vd;W Kiwapl;ldh;. cz;zhtpujj;ij epWj;j fhe;jp[p cWjpahf kWj;Jtpl;lhh;.

vd;Dila capiu cq;fshy; fhg;ghw;w KbahJ. ehd; xU Kf;fpa fl;lj;jpw;F te;jpUf;fpNwd;. ePq;fs; mk;Ngj;fiu rkhjhdg; gLj;jpdhnyhopa ,J rhj;jpakpy;iy vd;W fhe;jp[p $wpaijf; Nfl;l ,e;j ,e;J jiyth;fs; NtW topapd;wp kPz;Lk; xd;W $b KbntLj;J rf;uth;j;jp uh[Nfhghyrhhpia lhf;lh; mk;Ngj;fiu ghh;j;J rhkhjhdg;gLj;j mDg;gp itj;jdh;. lhf;lh; mk;Ngj;fhplk; epiyikfis vLj;Jr; nrhy;yp fhe;jp[papd; capiu fhg;ghw;w cUf;fKld; Nfl;Lf;nfhz;lhh; uh[h[p. lhf;lh; mk;Ngj;fh;: ghG[p ,t;tsT rPf;fpuj;jpy; ,e;j mtrukhd KbTf;F tUthh; vd;W ehd; rpwpJk; epidf;ftpy;iy. khpahijf;Fhpa uh[h[p mth;fNs! ePz;lfhykhf vq;fis Vkhw;wp te;j ePq;fs; kPz;L;k; Vkhw;wNt te;jpUf;fpwPh;fs;. ,e;j neUf;fbahd #o;epiyia cUthf;fp vd;id xU rq;flkhd epiyikf;F nfhz;Lte;J epWj;jpapUg;gij vz;zp ehd; Ntjidg;gLfpNwd;.

ehd; cq;fNshL xj;Jg;NghtJ %ykhf vd; r%f kf;fSf;F ngUk; JNuhfj;ij nra;J cq;fs; vz;zj;ij epiwNtw;wp itf;fpNwd; vd;W rpy Nfhhpf;iffis tpl;Lf; nfhLj;J fhe;jp[p lhf;lh; mk;Ngj;fh; ifnahg;gkpl;ldh;. ,Jjhd; tuyhw;W rpwg;Gkpf;f G+dh xg;ge;jkhFk;.

nrg;lk;gh; khjk; 26-k; Njjp 5-15 kzpf;F kfh ftp utPe;jpuehj; jh$h; nfhLj;j gourj;ij gUfp fhe;jp[p cz;zhtpujj;ij epWj;jpdhh;. caph; fhg;ghw;wg;gl;lJ. tpLjiy mile;jJ ,e;jpah.

lhf;lh; mk;Ngj;fh; md;W tl;lNki[ khehl;by; ve;j re;Njfj;ij fpsg;gpdhNuh mJ ,d;W Rje;jpu ,e;jpahtpy; ePf;fkw epiyj;J epw;gij ehk; ghh;f;fpNwhk;.

MfNt mUik ez;gh;fNs! fhe;jp[p jPz;lhik xopg;G ,af;fj;ij ,e;jpahtpy; vg;gbnay;yhk; elj;jpdhh; mjw;Fhpa fhuzq;fs; vd;d vd;gjw;F gy;NtW rk;gtq;fis ehd; ,q;F cq;fSf;F epidTgLj;jpNdd;. vdNt> Ntj fhyj;jpYk; fhe;jp[p tho;e;j fhyj;jpYk; jPz;lhik nfhLikfs; vg;gbapUe;jJ mitfis Nghf;f vLj;Jf;nfhz;l Kaw;rpfs;> mZfpa Kiwfs; ,itfis ehk; ,q;F mwpa KbfpwJ.

,d;iwf;Fk; mijj; njhlh;e;J eilngw;W tUfpw gy rk;gtq;fis ehk; kwe;Nj tpLfpd;Nwhk;. mg;gb kwe;J Nghd rk;gtq;fspy; xd;iw ,q;F epidTgLj;jp cq;fs; ftdj;jpw;F nfhz;L tu tpUk;GfpNwd;.

ghG [f[Ptd;uhk; mhp[d kf;fspd; nry;thf;F kpf;f jiyth;. ,e;jpahtp;d; Jizg; gpujkuhf ,Ue;jth;. mth; ghJfhg;G mikr;ruhf ,Ue;jNghJ fhrpapy; lhf;lh; rk;G+uzhde;J mth;fspd; rpiyia jpwe;J itj;jhh;. tpLthh;fsh? ,e;j rjhdpfs; ,e;j nra;jpia nghWj;Jf;nfhs;s Kbahky; rpiy jPl;Lgl;Ltpl;lnjd;W Ch; cyfj;Jf;F gpufldg;gLj;jp fq;iff;F nrd;W Gdpj ePh; nfhz;Lte;J rpiyiaf; fOtp Rj;jg;gLj;jpaij ePq;fs; kwe;jhYk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l r%fj;jpy; gpwe;j ehd; vg;gb kwf;f KbAk;?

,e;j ehl;by; rl;lq;fs; ,Ue;jd vd;d nra;jJ? mJ ed;whf Fwl;il tpl;L J}q;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ghG n[f[Ptd;uhk; mth;fSf;Nf ,e;j fjp vd;why; vd;idg; Nghd;w rhkhdpaDila epiyia ehd; ,q;F vz;zpg;ghh;f;fpNwd> jaT nra;J ePq;fSk; vz;zpg;ghUq;fs;.

ehd; ,d;ndhU Kf;fpakhd rk;gtj;ijAk; cq;fSf;F epidT gLj;j tpUk;GfpNwd;. fhe;jp[p> NeU> yhy;gfJhh; rh];jphp> ,e;jpuh fhe;jp> vd;. [hfPh; cNrd; ,th;fs; vy;yhk; kiwe;jNghJ mth;fSila G+j cly;fis Vw;Wf;nfhz;l nly;yp G+kp ghG n[f[Ptd;uhk; G+j cliy kl;Lk; - mJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;s kWj;Jtpl;lJ. mjw;F gy fhuzq;fis fz;Lgpbj;J nrhy;yyhk; ePq;fs; - ehq;fs; ek;gf;$ba tifapy;!

mUik ez;gh;fNs!

r%f Kd;Nsw;wj;jpw;F rKjha khw;wj;jpw;F - [hjp jPz;lhik xoptjw;F ,J toptif nra;Ankd;W ePq;fs; ek;GfpwPH;fsh?

jPz;lhik nfhLikapypUe;J mk;kf;fisg; ghJfhf;f rl;lq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mr;rl;lq;fs; vd;d nrhy;fpwJ? ekJ ghuj ehl;by; rl;lq;fSf;nfy;yhk; mbg;gilr; rl;lk; ,e;jpa murpay; rl;lkhFk;. ,e;jpa murpay; rl;lj;jpYk; Fwpg;ghf %d;whtJ ghfk; kpf Kf;fpakhd xd;whFk;. Vndd;why;> murpay; rl;lj;jpDila %d;whtJ ghfk;> murpay; mbg;gil chpikfis tpsf;fp $WfpwJ. ,;t;thW nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s mbg;gil chpikfis muNr epidj;jhYk; $l kPwNth my;yJ gwpf;fNth Kbahj mstpw;F> ghJfhg;GfSk; murpay; rl;lj;jpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.

murpay; rl;lj;jpDila 13 tJ \uj;jpd; gb %d;whtJ ghfj;jpy; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;s chpikfis Fiwf;ff;$ba my;yJ gwpf;ff;$ba ve;jr; rl;lj;ijAk; muR cUthf;ff; $lhJ. mg;gb kPwp cUthf;fg;gLfpd;w rl;lq;fs; nry;yj;jf;fitay;y vd;W $WfpwJ.

NkYk;> murpay; rl;lj;jpDila 32 tJ 326 tJ \uj;Jfspd;gb mbg;gil chpikfs; kPwg;gLk; my;yJ gwpf;fg;gLk; Ntisapy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwth;fs; KiwNa cah;ePjp kd;wj;jpYk; my;yJ cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpYk; hpl; kDf;fs; jhf;fy; nra;J chpikfis jPh;Tfis ngwyhnkd;W rl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,g;gbg;gl;l murpay; rl;lj;jpd; %d;whtJ ghfj;jpy; 17 tJ \uj;jpd;gb jPz;lhik xopf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjid ve;j tifapy; nray;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; jil tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jPz;lhikapd; tpisthf vOk; r%f Cdk; rl;lg;gb jz;bf;fj;jf;f Fw;wkhFk;. ,e;j 17 tJ \uj;ij ikakhfTk; MjhukhfTk; nfhz;Ljhd; 1955-k; Mz;L jPz;lhikf; Fw;wq;fs; rl;lk; ,aw;wg;gl;lJ. ,e;j rl;lj;ij 1976-k; Mz;L gy jpUj;jq;fSld; kPz;Lk; nfhz;Lte;J "tho;tpay; chpikfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lk;" vd rl;lj;jpd; ngaiuAk; khw;wptpl;ldh;. nghJthf rl;lq;fs; vd;whNy gy;NtW Xl;ilfSk; gytPdq;fSk; ,Uf;Fnkd;gJ ekJ mDgtg;G+h;tkhd fzpg;G. MdhYk; tho;tpay; chpikfs; ghJfhg;G rl;lj;ij nghWj;jtiu Xl;ilfs; kpff; Fiwthf cs;s xU rl;lnkdf; $wyhk;. ,Ue;Jk;> kpf kpff; Fiwthd mstpNyNa ,r;rl;lj;ij eilKiwgLj;jp tUfpd;wdh;. jPz;lhik Fw;wq;fs; ekJ ghuj ehl;il nghWj;jkl;by; vy;yh khepyq;fspYk; mq;fpq;nfdhjgb vq;Fk; mJ gutp ,Uf;fpd;wd. MapDk;> jPz;lhikiaf; filgpbg;gth;fspy; ngUk;ghd;ikapdh; tho;tpay; chpikfs; ghJfhg;Gr;rl;lj;jpd;gb jz;bf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. ,e;epiyf;F gy fhuzq;fs; cz;L. mtw;Ws; mjp Kf;fpakhd fhuzk; jPz;lhik vd;gJ ,q;Nf r%f mikg;gpd; gphpf;f Kbahj mq;fkhf ,Uf;fpwJ.

vdNt> mUik ez;gh;fNs!

fhe;jp[papd; jPz;lhik xopg;Gf; nfhs;if ,q;F ntw;wp ngwtpy;iy. Mdhy; Nfhl;Nria cUthf;fpa kDjh;kk; - mjd; ntspg;ghL kjntwp [hjp ntwp ntw;wpg;ngw;W tUfpwJ.

Ntj fhyk; njhl;Nl ,e;J kjj;jpy; cah; rhjp ,e;Jf;fs; kDjh;kk; jkf;fspf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; r%f rl;lj;ijf; ifapnyLj;Jf;nfhz;L mjd; %yk; Ml;rp mjpfhuj;ijf; ifg;gw;wp ciof;Fk; th;f;fj;jpd; Cw;Wf;fz;zhf ,Uf;Fk; xU ngUk; gFjp kf;fis jPz;lg;glhjth;fshf gphpj;J> xJf;fp itj;J> ,opTgLj;jp mtkhdg;gLj;jp> jkf;F epue;ju mbikahf;fp ,d;W VfNghfkhf tsh;e;J Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jk; cah; [hjp ,e;J r%f $l;likg;gpypUe;J - mjhtJ ,e;J kjj;jpypUe;J ntspNaWtJ xd;Nw jPz;lg;glhj kf;fis ,opT ePf;fp tho itf;Fk;.